Tariff means the
schedule of rates or charges. In Nepalese context different types of consumers
(small, medium large, industrial) are liable with different types of tariff.
Objectives of
tariff:
·
Recovery
of cost of capital investment in generating, transmitting and distributing
equipment.
·
Recovery
of cost of operation, supplies and maintenance of equipment
·
Recovery
of cost of metering equipment, billing, collecting costs and miscellaneous
services
·
A
satisfactory return on the total capital investment
Types:
1.
Flat demand
tariff:
This type of tariff is restricted to use in street
lighting, signal systems, sign lighting and other loads where the energy
consumption in quantity could be readily predicted,
Energy charges = Rs ax
Where; x = no. of lamps or per kW connected load
a= rate per lamp or per kW of connected load
2.
Simple tariff:
This is the simplest type of tariff structure where
cost per kW is computed as:
Cost/ kWh =
It
is not in practice due to following disadvantages:
·
No
discrimination among the different types of consumers (domestic, industrial,
bulk)
Having different
load factor, diversity factor and power factor
·
Cost
per kWh delivered is higher
3.
Flat Rate Tariff:
The different
types of consumers are charged in different rates, the rate for each category
of consumers is arrived at by taking into account its load factor and diversity
factor.
Disadvantages:
·
Separate
meters are required for different types of supply
·
Difficulty in calculating load factor and
diversity factor of various types of loads to be employed in deciding tariff.
4.
Step Rate Tariff:
It is a group of
flat rate tariffs of decreasing unit charges for higher range of consumption.
5.
Block Rate
tariff:
A given block of
energy is charged at higher rate and succeeding blocks of energy are charged at
progressively reduced rates.
This type of
energy charge is most popular now-a-days among domestic, commercial and small
scale industrial consumers.
6.
Hopkinson Demand
Rate or Two Part Tariff:
The total energy
charge is split into two components namely fixed charge and running charge.
This tariff is
mostly applicable to medium industrial consumers.
7.
Maximum Demand
Tariff:
In this method,
maximum demand is measured by a maximum demand indicator which is applicable to
all bulk supplies and large industrial consumers.
Such tariff
induces the consumer to keep his/her maximum demand at low value.
8.
Power Factor
Tariff:
In order to
increase the utility of plants and equipment to the maximum, the plant must
operate at the most economical p.f. This is sub divided into further three
categories:
a.
kVA
maximum demand tariff:
kVA demand can be vary by changing the p.f.,
increasing the p.f. maximum demand goes on decreasing. This scheme encourages
the consumers to operate their machines and other equipment at improving p.f.
as low p.f. will cause more demand charges.
b.
kWh
and KVARh Tariff:
in this sub division of power factor tariff, kWh and
kVARh are measured separately and energy charges are made applicable based on
these values.
c.
Sliding
Scale or Average p.f. Tariff:
In this type of power factor tariff, average p.f.
may be chosen as 0.8as a reference and discount is made for increase in p.f.
above o.8 and sub charges may be applied for p.f. below the reference value.
9.
Three Part
Tariff:
The tariff
charge applied is divided into three sub charges as fixed, semi fixed and
variable charge.
Total charge = a
+b x kW + cx kWh
Where;
a= fixed charge
b= charge per kW
connected
c= charge per
kWh energy
This type of
tariff is usually applicable to bulk supplies.
10.
Off Peak Tariff:
The consumers
are encouraged to use electricity during off peak hour by giving a special
discount.
This type of
tariff is very advantageous for certain processes such as water heater, thermal
storage, pumping, refrigeration etc.
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