Hydropower Turbines

Turbine type	Typical site characteristics
Archimedean Screw	Low heads (1.5 – 5 metres)Medium to high flows (1 to 20 m3/s).For higher flows multiple screws are used.
Crossflow turbine	Low to medium heads (2 – 40 metres) Low to medium flows (0.1 – 5 m3/s)
Kaplan turbine	Low to medium heads (1.5 – 20 metres) Medium to high flows (3 m3/s – 30 m3/s) For higher flows multiple turbines can be used.
Pelton / Turgo turbine	High heads (greater than 25 metres) Lower flows (0.01 m3/s – 0.5 m3/s)
Waterwheels	Low heads (1 – 5 metres) – though turbines often more appropriate for higher heads Medium flows (0.3 – 1.5 m3/s)
Francis turbines	No longer commonly used except in very large storage hydropower systems, though lots of older, smaller turbines are in existence and can be restored. For older turbines : Low to medium heads (1.5 – 20 metres) Medium flows (0.5 – 4 m3/s)