Micro hydro is an
attractive choice for electricity generation in rural area or underdeveloped
countries. There are abounding micro-hydro systems operating in our country
Nepal. It plays a great role to provide electricity to local communities where
grid power is inadequate or unavailable.
The micro hydro system
is designed to provide electricity by using the water resources available in
the local areas. By taking the advantages of head and flow, water is used to
generate electricity. Micro hydro system is built with technology and materials
that is found in local market. It consists of set that consists of synchronous
generator, turbine and penstock pipe. Due to the availability of these
components as well as technicians, installation of the project is cheap.
The problem seen during
the operating of the micro-hydro systems is fluctuation in frequency generated
by the generator which causes adverse effect in various electrical appliances.
The generated voltage and frequency of these machines varies with varying load.
A controller is required to solve this problem. The electronic load controller is
required to control the frequency of the generated voltage in the micro hydro
system. Whereas the machines delivers
the fixed amount of power, the ELC can be used to switch in or switch out a
dumb load whenever the consumer load decrease or increase respectively.
Existing controller
available in market has few defects which degrade its efficiency. Its
performance is not good. Response time is high; load switching times is high
which may cause damage to generator due to overload or under load. Cost is high
which has made the controller system high.
We plan to use micro
controller for the Pulse width modulation so that it can give real time output.
Sense the voltage and frequency of the generator through the sensor. Sensor
output will be used for input to micro controller and micro controller will
generate PWM and switch the thyristor. In existing system, many electronics
components are used and those are scheme specific. If we are to change the
value of components, then whole system had to change but in case of
microcontroller based Electronics Load Controller, can be tailored to each
system by changing the software parameter.
Microcontroller based
ELC are easy to design, install and maintenance. Our system can operate in Synchronous/Asynchronous
system, 50/60 Hz and single/3-Phase. This system is completely electronics
module so easy to operate in minimal supply. The cost will be cheaper by 60%
compared to existing ELC. With the robust and reliable algorithm used, minor
as-well as major changes can be easily handled. The overall size of each unit
is reduced by about 40-50%. The system is self diagnostic and can be changed as
per requirement.
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