LOAD
FLOW ANALYSIS
For load flow
analysis following data is required:
1.1
Bus Data
Required data for load flow calculations
for buses includes:
1.
Nominal kV
2. %V
and Angle (when Initial Condition is set to use Use Bus Voltages)
3. Load Diversity Factor (when the Loading
option is set to use Diversity Factor)
1.2
Branch Data
Branch data is entered into the Branch
Editors, i.e., Transformer, Transmission Line, Cable, Reactor, and Impedance
editors.
Required data for load flow calculations for
branches includes:
1. Branch Z, R, X, or X/R values and
units, tolerance, and temperature, if applicable
2. Cable and transmission line, length,
and unit
3. Transformer rated kV and kVA/MVA, tap,
and LTC (load tap changer) settings
4. Impedance base kV and base kVA/MVA
1.3
Power Grid Data
Required data for load flow calculations
for power grids includes:
1. Operating mode (Swing, Voltage Control,
Mvar Control, or PF Control)
2. Nominal kV
3. %V and Angle for swing mode
4. %V, MW loading, and Mvar limits (Qmax
& Qmin) for Voltage Control mode
5. MW and Mvar loading, and Mvar limits
Mvar Control mode
6. MW loading and PF, and Mvar limits for
PF Control mode
1.4
Synchronous Generator Data
Required data for load flow calculations
for synchronous generators includes:
1. Operating mode (Swing, Voltage Control,
or Mvar Control)
2. Rated kV
3. %V and Angle for swing mode of
operation
4. %V, MW loading, and Mvar limits (Qmax
and Qmin) for Voltage Control mode
5. MW and Mvar loading, and Mvar limits Mvar Control mode
6. MW loading and PF, and Mvar limits for PF
Control mode
1.5 Static Load Data
Required
data for load flow calculations for static loads includes:
1.
Static Load ID
2.
Rated kVA/MVA and kV
3.
Power factor
4. %
loading for desired Loading Category
5.
Equipment cable data
1.6 Capacitor Data
Required
data for load flow calculations for capacitors includes:
1.
Capacitor ID
2.
Rated kV, kvar/bank, and number of banks
3. %
loading for desired Loading Category
4.
Equipment cable data
1.7 Other Data
There
are some study case related data, which must also be provided. This includes:
1.
Method (Newton-Raphson, Fast-Decoupled, or Accelerated Gauss-Seidel)
2.
Max Iteration
3.
Precision
4.
Acceleration Factor (when Accelerated Gauss-Seidel method is selected)
5.
Loading Category
6.
Initial Voltage Condition
7.
Report (report format)
8. Update (for bus voltages
and transformer LTCs using load flow result)
2.0
DATA COLLECTION FOR MODELING
All
the required data for modeling are collected from .
The following data was collected:
1.
Single line diagram of the network.
2.
Details of 132kV, 66kV and 33kV substations in the network.
3. Reactance
and MW rating of all generators connected to the network.
4.
Impedances of all transmission and distribution lines and transformers.
5. Length
and type (for e.g. ACSR) of transmission lines from one substation to another.
6. Load details (MVAr and MW) of the
existing network.
2.1 Substation Details
Details of substation were obtained from . It
includes
1. Type of substation
2. Rating of transformers in
the substation
3. A
4 letter code word for providing a unique ID in ETAP software.
2.2 Load Details
Details
of static load connected to the 33 kV and 132 kV buses were collected. Load
details include
1. The MVA rating
2.
Power factor of operation
Installed Capacity (MW)
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Maximum Demand (MW)
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132 kV Lines Circuits (Km)
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66 kV Lines Circuits (Km)
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33 kV Lines Circuits (Km)
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Connected Loads (MW)
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No. of 132 kV substation
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No .of 66 kV substation
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No. of 32 kV substation
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